Evaluation and utility of synthetic hexaploids in the improvement of wheat grain quality

Abstract

A set of 75 synthetic hexaploid lines, derived from the hybridization of tetraploid (T. turgidum spp. Ourum) and diploid (Ae. tauschii) wheats, was evaluated for grain quality traits. Since synthetic hexaploids have been developed using wild progenitors, the utility of synthetics in widening genetic base and improving wheat quality has been explored. Wide ranges of quality traits were exhibited in the synthetic hexaploids studied. There was higher protein content (>14%) in 14 lines along with higher grain weight (>50 mg). This is important for the improvement of protein content without decreasing the grain weight. Super soft grained lines were identified with having low hardness index «20.0), such low values are rarely available in hexaploid wheats. Some of the very soft grained hexaploids had very low sedimentation value «5.0 ml; 1 g test) also. This trait has utility in improvement of biscuit making quality of wheat. Similarly, synthetic lines with stronger gluten and hard texture were also identified. These can be used for improving bread and chapati quality. Since grain hardness and SOS sedimentation volumes are highly heritable, the criteria can be used for selecting desirable segregants among early generation progeny. Overall data demonstrated the availability of useful traits in synthetic hexaploids and their utility in the improvement of quality of wheats and widening their genetic base.