Genotype - Environmental interactions and phenotypic stability analyses of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) for seed, opium and morphine content

Abstract

For the identification of improved genotype for commercial cultivation, the stability in the genotype for a given trait or set of traits across testing environments has always been emphasized [1-3]. Various statistical methods have been proposed to analyse the G x E interaction or yield stability [4-6]. Out of them, additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) statistical model, which incorporates ANOVA main effects for genotypes and environments and multiplicative interaction effects obtained from a singular value decomposition of the matrix of residue, has been proclaimed superior to linear regression and principal component analysis models [7, 8]. The AMMI first separates the additive main effect from multiplicative variance and sUbsequently PCA is used to partition G x E deviation into different interaction principal component axes (ICPA) which can be tested for statistical significance through ANOVA [1].