Unraveling the effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on quality attributes of diverse wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

Abstract

Understanding the impact of genotype, environment and their interaction on the expression of quality attributes aids in precise selection for improving wheat quality in breeding programmes. The present study analyzed 41 diverse wheat genotypes grown at three different environments during rabi 2019-20 for 15 quality traits. Location Indore showed high genotypic performance for most of the traits, followed by Delhi, indicating favorable environments for quality trait expression. AMMI and pooled ANOVA analyses revealed significant E+GEI effects for Fe (89.14%), Zn (87.68%), test weight (76.97%), and grain protein content (75.43%). Polyphenol oxidase activity (87.42%) and sedimentation value (66.35%) showed strong genotypic effects, highlighting substantial genetic diversity influencing these traits. GGE biplot analysis identified C306 (G34), C273 (G38), C518 (G39), and C591 (G40) as the best-performing and stable genotypes across locations for grain protein content, gluten components traits, Fe, Zn, and grain hardness. AEC view of GGE biplot highlighted ideal genotypes C273 (G38) and C518 (G39) for falling number, GW322 (G35) and C518 (G39) for damaged starch, and C306 (G34), CS46 (G10), and C591 (G40) for total sugars. C273 (G38), C518 (G39), C591 (G40), and C306 (G34) were identified as highly desirable for multiple quality traits, showcasing their value as parents for simultaneous improvement in wheat breeding programme