Multi-phenotyping and genotyping of Spanish groundnuts from diverse crosses to identify sources of fresh seed dormancy and selection of high yielding stable genotypes

Abstract

Groundnut breeding is focused on developing high-yielding Spanish–type varieties with fresh seed dormancy (to avoid sprouting). Fourteen advanced breeding lines were multi-phenotyped and genotyped for fresh seed dormancy under different germination tests. Further, the genotypes were evaluated for their performance and adaptability using GGE biplots. Thus, widely adapted genotypes were PBS 11077 and PBS 15014 for pod yield per plant (PYLP); PBS 14064 for sound mature kernels (SMKs); PBS 16023 for hundred pod weight (HPW); and PBS 11077 for hundred kernel weight (HKW). PBS 14064 and PBS 15056 (for PYLP), PBS 15056 and PBS 15022 (for SMKs), PBS 16022, PBS 16044 and PBS 14060 (for HPW) and PBS 14064, PBS 14060 and PBS 14068 (for HKW) were appropriate for a specific environment. So, the fresh dormant genotypes PBS 11077, PBS 16023, PBS 14064 and PBS 15014 performed well across all test locations and were designated as ideal in terms of fresh seed dormancy, yield, stability, and emerged as the top fresh dormant genotypes