Field relevant resistant sources to yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) and powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis tritici) in some exotic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and their yield potential
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Abstract
Resistance against yellow rust (YR) and powdery mildew (PM) was evaluated in 29 promising wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes comprising advanced breeding material from CIMMYT (24) and some popular varieties of North Hill Zone (4) and susceptible check variety PBW 343 under six and four environments at three (Malan, Kukumseri and Keylong) and two (Malan and Palampur) hot spot locations, respectively. The proportion effect of each source of variation over the total effect showed that the largest contribution to YR severity was attributed to genotype (G), i.e., 61.10%, whereas it was attributed to environment (50.84%) for PM. Genotypes E 12, E 13, E 25, HS 507, HPW 368 and TC1-24 were free from YR, whereas the rest of the genotypes, except GS 7058 and TC1-23, with a mean disease severity of <10S, were resistant. Genotypes E-11, E-12, E-13, E-14, E-25, GS 7038, HPW 368,HS 507, TC1- 17 and TC1- 27 showed multi-locational and multiyear resistance (≤5) to PM. Genotypes E-1, E-2, E-9 and TC1-7recorded significantly higher grain yield per plant than the best check HPW 368 (7.07 g/plant) whereas, genotypes E-6, E-8, E-11, E-12, E-13, E-21, E-23, GS 6012, GS 5031, HS 507, HPW 349, TC1-10, TC1-17, TC1-19, TC1-23, TC1-24, TC1-25, TC1-27 and VL 907 were at par with it.Genotypes viz. E-1, E-2, E-6, E-8, GS 6012, HPW 349, HPW 373, TC1-24, TC1-23, TC1-25 and VL 907 showed seedling resistance to races 110S84, 78S84 and 46S119 which were avirulent on genes Yr1, Yr5, Yr10, Yr14, Yr15, Yr24, Yr26, Yr28 and YrSP. Hence, resistance in these genotypes may be attributed to any of these genes individually or in combination. Genotypes E 11, E-12, E-13, E-23, HS 507, TC1-10 and TC1-27 were high yielding and showed combined resistance to YR and PM. These could be useful donors in the breeding program to evolve PM and YR-resistant varieties. Moreover, Kukumseri and Malan could be the ideal test hotspot locations for evaluation of wheat germplasm for resistance against YR and PM, respectively.
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